About the Authors

Dan I. Lubman

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

dan.lubman@monash.edu.au

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Cherie Heilbronn

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Rowan P. Ogeil

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Jessica J. Killian

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Sharon Matthews

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Karen Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ambulance Victoria, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia, Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Emma Bosley

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Rosemary Carney

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation New South Wales Ambulance, Rozelle, New South Wales, Australia

Kevin McLaughlin

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation New South Wales Ambulance, Rozelle, New South Wales, Australia

Alex Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ambulance Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

Matthew Eastham

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation St John Ambulance Australia (NT) Inc., Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia

Carol Shipp

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Australian Capital Territory Ambulance Service, Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Katrina Witt

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Belinda Lloyd

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Debbie Scott

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, Victoria, Australia, Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

Competing Interests

Prof. Lubman has received speaking honoraria from the following: Astra Zeneca, Camurus, Indivior, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Servier and Shire, and has participated on Advisory Boards for Indivior and Lundbeck. Prof. Lubman and Dr Scott are investigators on an untied educational grant from Seqirus, utilising data from NASS, but is unrelated to the development of this project. The commercial affiliations do not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.