About the Authors

Shabani Ramadhani Mziray

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

s.r.mziray@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital (KIDH), Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Happiness H. Kumburu

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Hellen B. Assey

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital (KIDH), Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Tolbert B. Sonda

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Michael J. Mahande

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Sia E. Msuya

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Department of Community Health, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Ireen E. Kiwelu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Laboratory Services, Kibong’oto Infectious Diseases Hospital (KIDH), Siha, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following potential competing interest: MJM is a member of the PLOS ONE Editorial Board. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist.