About the Authors

Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

gersonferrari08@yahoo.com.br

Affiliations Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Irina Kovalskys

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina

Mauro Fisberg

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliations Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil

Georgina Gómez

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

Attilio Rigotti

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision

Affiliation Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile

Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia

Martha Cecilia Yépez García

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador

Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina, Lima, Peru

Marianella Herrera-Cuenca

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela

Ioná Zalcman Zimberg

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision

Affiliation Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Viviana Guajardo

Roles Data curation, Supervision, Visualization

Affiliation Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina

Michael Pratt

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America

Carlos André Miranda Pires

Roles Formal analysis, Validation

Affiliation Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal

Rachel C. Colley

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Dirceu Solé

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

on behalf of the ELANS Study Group

Membership of the ELANS Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments section of the manuscript.

Competing Interests

M.F. is speaker in conferences for Abbott, Danone Research, Nestle, EMS and Sanofi; member of the Board of Novo Nordisk and ILSI Brazil; and has been awarded grants for research from Pensi Institute, ILSI Brazil, Danone Research and Danone Institute International. A.R. has received research grant support from Coca-Cola Chile y AB Chile. The ELANS field work was originally supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company (Atlanta, GA, USA). The initial unrestricted grant from Coca Cola Company supported the design, data collection, field work and initial data analysis. G.L.M.F., I.K., G.G., L.Y.C.S., M.C.Y.G., R.G.P.T., M.H.C., I.Z.Z., V.G., M.P., C.A.M.P., R.C.C., and D.S. declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest in relation to the topic of this manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare.