About the Authors

Emily C. Smith

Contributed equally to this work with: Emily C. Smith, Keith J. Limbach

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Keith J. Limbach

Contributed equally to this work with: Emily C. Smith, Keith J. Limbach

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Nonenipha Rangel

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, CAMRIS International, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Kyosuke Oda

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, CAMRIS International, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jessica S. Bolton

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mengyan Du

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Meso Scale Diagnostics, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Kalpana Gowda

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Jianyang Wang

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, CAMRIS International, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

J. Kathleen Moch

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America; General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Sharvari Sonawane

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Rachel Velasco

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America; General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Arnel Belmonte

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America; General Dynamics Information Technology, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Rebecca Danner

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Joanne M. Lumsden

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Current address: ERPi Inc., Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Noelle B. Patterson

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Martha Sedegah

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Michael R. Hollingdale

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Thomas L. Richie

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Affiliation Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

John B. Sacci Jr

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Eileen D. Villasante

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

Joao C. Aguiar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

joao.c.aguiar.ctr@mail.mil

Affiliations Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, CAMRIS International, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: ECS, KJL, and JCA are named inventors on a patent application US PCT/US18/25510 covering methods and compositions for vaccinating against malaria. JCA is a named inventor on US patent number 10, 195, 260, US Patent Application No. 16/230,512, and related foreign applications covering the PfE140 antigen. NR, KO, JW, and JCA are/were employed by CAMRIS International, which is a commercial company that owns the rights to the PfE140 antigen under patent number 10, 195, 260. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. ERPi Inc., Meso Scale Diagnostics, Sanaria, and General Dynamics Information Technology Inc. are current affiliations for some authors who previously contributed to the study. Neither ERPi Inc., Meso Scale Diagnostics, Sanaria, nor General Dynamics Information Technology Inc. made any contribution to the study.