About the Authors

Xieling Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Juan Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science and the School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China

Gary Cheng

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

chengks@eduhk.hk (GC); tgong@ets.org (TG)

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Tao Gong

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

chengks@eduhk.hk (GC); tgong@ets.org (TG)

Affiliations Center for Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.