About the Authors

Qian Yu

Contributed equally to this work with: Qian Yu, Jian Li

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America, Department of Orthopedic, Shandong University Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China

Jian Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Qian Yu, Jian Li

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

Chun-ling Dai

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Hengchang Li

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Khalid Iqbal

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Fei Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Cheng-Xin Gong

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

chengxin.gong@csi.cuny.edu

Affiliation Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

K.I. serves on the scientific advisory board of AXON Neuroscience, has received research grants from Ever NeuroPharma and Signum Biosciences, and holds several patents on treatment of cognitive impairment and autism (US 8,338,378 B2; US 2013/0143809A1; US 2013/0157946 A1; US 8,592,364 B2; US 9,249,203; US 9,327,011; US 9737587). C.-X.G. serves on the scientific advisory board of Alectos Therapeutics. K.I., F.L. and C.-X.G hold a patent on intranasal insulin administration for the minimization of anesthesia-induced memory loss (US 9,603,905 B2). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.