About the Authors

Erin E. Krebs

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

erin.krebs@va.gov

Affiliations Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Barbara Clothier

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Sean Nugent

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Agnes C. Jensen

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Brian C. Martinson

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America, HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, MN, United States of America

Elizabeth S. Goldsmith

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Melvin T. Donaldson

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Joseph W. Frank

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America

Indulis Rutks

Roles Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

Siamak Noorbaloochi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.