About the Authors

Eric J. Brandt

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Joseph S. Ross

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America, Section of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Jacqueline N. Grady

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Tariq Ahmad

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Sumeet Pawar

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Susannah M. Bernheim

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Nihar R. Desai

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nihar.desai@yale.edu

Affiliations Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, United States of America

Competing Interests

EJB: None JG: None JR: In the past 36 months, Dr. Ross has received research support through Yale University from Johnson and Johnson to develop methods of clinical trial data sharing, from Medtronic, Inc. and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to develop methods for postmarket surveillance of medical devices (U01FD004585), from the Food and Drug Administration to establish Yale-Mayo Clinic Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI) program (U01FD005938), from the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association to better understand medical technology evaluation, from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to develop and maintain performance measures that are used for public reporting (HHSM-500-2013-13018I), from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS022882), from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01HS025164), and from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation to establish the Good Pharma Scorecard at Bioethics International and to establish the Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency (CRIT) at Yale. TA: None SP: None ND: None.