About the Authors

Xu Wang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information Systems, Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratory of Big Data and Blockchain, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Guohua Gan

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory of Big Data and Blockchain, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Beijing Taiyiyun Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, China

Ling-Yun Wu

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

lywu@amss.an.cn

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Management, Decision and Information Systems, Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Laboratory of Big Data and Blockchain, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The author GG is employed by Beijing Taiyiyun Technology Co., Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.