About the Authors

Francesco Vincenzo Ferraro

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

fferraro@bournemouth.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Human Sciences and Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England, United Kingdom

James Peter Gavin

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom

Thomas William Wainwright

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Human Sciences and Public Health, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England, United Kingdom, Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England, United Kingdom

Alison K. McConnell

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Burrow, Christchurch, New Zealand

Competing Interests

This work was sponsored by Bournemouth University. FF, JG and TW declare no conflicts of interests. AM acknowledges a previous (now expired) beneficial interest in POWERbreathe® inspiratory muscle trainers, in the form of a share of royalty income to the University of Birmingham and a potential share of royalty income to Brunel University. In the past, AM has also provided consultancy services to POWERbreathe® International Ltd., but no longer does so. AM is named on two patents relating to POWERbreathe® products, including the device used in the present study, as well as being the author of two books on inspiratory muscle training. The patents are as follows: European Patent Office Patent No. EP2303417B1 - Dynamic inspiratory muscle training device; United States Patent No. 8 459 255 - Dynamic inspiratory muscle training device. The authors also declare that the results of the present study do not constitute an endorsement by American College of Sport Medicine and that the results are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.