About the Authors

Emilio Maseda

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

emilio.maseda@gmail.com

Affiliations Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Sofía Ramírez

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Pedro Picatto

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

Eva Peláez-Peláez

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Carlos García-Bernedo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Nazario Ojeda-Betancur

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Gerardo Aguilar

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain

Beatriz Forés

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain

Jorge Solera-Marín

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

María Aliaño-Piña

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain

Eduardo Tamayo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain

Fernando Ramasco

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain

Raquel García-Álvarez

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

Ada González-Lisorge

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

María-José Giménez

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations PRISM-AG, Madrid, Spain, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain

Alejandro Suárez-de-la-Rica

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care Dpt., Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

for the HELP Investigators and the Perioperative Infection Research Group

Membership of the HELP study and the Perioperative Infection Research Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

E.M. has served as speaker for Merck, Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Pfizer and Astellas; and has received educational grants from Astellas. F.R. has served as speaker for MSD. G.A. has served as speaker for MSD, Astellas, Gilead, and Pfizer and received educational grants from Astellas, Pfizer and MSD. M-JG is employee of PRISM-AG and has received an educational grant from Fundación Micellium para el Desarrollo y Difusión del Conocimiento Científico (Valencia, Spain). The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.