About the Authors

Mary K. Rhee

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

mrhee@emory.edu

Affiliations Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Yuk-Lam Ho

Roles Data curation

Affiliation MAVERIC VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sridharan Raghavan

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Jason L. Vassy

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MAVERIC VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kelly Cho

Roles Data curation

Affiliations MAVERIC VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Department of General Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

David Gagnon

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MAVERIC VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lisa R. Staimez

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Christopher N. Ford

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Peter W. F. Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Lawrence S. Phillips

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors read the journal’s policy, and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: MKR, PWFW and LSP declare the competing interests of receiving funding from the NIH and the VA. LRS, CNF, and SR declare the competing interests of receiving funding from the NIH. LSP declares the following competing interests: he has served on Scientific Advisory Boards for Janssen, and the Profil Institute for Clinical Research; has/had research support from the NIH, the VA, Merck, Amylin, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, PhaseBio, Roche, Abbvie, Vascular Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Glaxo SmithKline, Pfizer, and the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; and is co-founder, Officer, Board member, and stockholder of DIASYST, Inc. YH, SR, JLV, KC, and DG have declared that no competing interests exist. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare. Though there are ethical and legal restrictions imposed on sharing the data underlying this study, the reported competing interests do not alter the authors’ adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.