About the Authors

Svetlana Frenkel

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and The George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Charles N. Bernstein

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Michael Sargent

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine and the University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Qin Kuang

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and The George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Wenxin Jiang

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and The George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

John Wei

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliation The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Elizabeth Spriggs

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, the University of Manitoba and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Diagnostic Services of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Stephen W. Scherer

Roles Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Pingzhao Hu

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

pingzhao.hu@umanitoba.ca

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and The George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Competing Interests

In the past four years, Dr Bernstein has consulted to or served on advisory boards of Abbvie Canada, Shire Canada, Takeda Canada, Pfizer Canada, Janssen Canada, Ferring Canada, Napo Pharmaceuticals and Mylan Pharmaceuticals. In addition, he has received educational grants from Abbvie Canada, Janssen Canada, Shire Canada and Takeda Canada. He has been speaker’s bureaus of Abbvie Canada, Shire Canada, Ferring Canada and Medtronic Canada. Dr Scherer is on the Scientific Advisory Committees of Population Bio and Deep Genomics. The other authors declare no conflict of interest for this manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.