About the Authors

Fahmi F. Muhammad

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

fahmi982@gmail.com

Current address: Soft Materials and Devices Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Affiliation Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Ali W. Karim Sangawi

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation College of Basis Education, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Suhairul Hashim

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia, Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

S. K. Ghoshal

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Isam K. Abdullah

Roles Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Nanotechnology Research Center, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Department of Physics, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Shilan S. Hameed

Roles Resources, Software

Affiliation Directorate of Information Technology, Koya University, Koya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.