About the Authors

Arthur W. Schaafsma

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

aschaafs@uoguelph.ca

‡ AWS and VL-R contributed equally to this work and are joint senior authors on this work. TSB and JLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph—Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada

Victor Limay-Rios

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ AWS and VL-R contributed equally to this work and are joint senior authors on this work. TSB and JLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph—Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada

Tracey S. Baute

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ AWS and VL-R contributed equally to this work and are joint senior authors on this work. TSB and JLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada

Jocelyn L. Smith

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ AWS and VL-R contributed equally to this work and are joint senior authors on this work. TSB and JLS also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph—Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

AS is the stated principal investigator for this study, the other authors with the exception of TB are under the employ and direction of the PI. TB is a former graduate student and now a colleague of AS as Field Crop Entomologist for the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs. Both AS and TB have received funding in the past from agrochemical companies that manufacture and distribute a wide range of pesticides, including many of those mentioned in this manuscript. These entities include Bayer CropScience, Monsanto, BASF and Syngenta. None of these entities had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.