About the Authors

Daniel Zeiberg

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Zeiberg, Tejas Prahlad

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Tejas Prahlad

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Zeiberg, Tejas Prahlad

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Brahmajee K. Nallamothu

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, VA Center for Clinical Management Research, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Theodore J. Iwashyna

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, VA Center for Clinical Management Research, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Jenna Wiens

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Michael W. Sjoding

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

msjoding@umich.edu

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.