About the Authors

Nick D. Holmes

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

nick.holmes@islandconservation.org

Affiliation Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America

Dena R. Spatz

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Steffen Oppel

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kigndom

Bernie Tershy

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Donald A. Croll

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America

Brad Keitt

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America, American Bird Conservancy, The Plains, Virginia, United States of America

Piero Genovesi

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA and Chair IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group, Via V. Brancati, Rome, Italy

Ian J. Burfield

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kigndom

David J. Will

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America

Alexander L. Bond

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, United Kigndom, Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, Hertfordshire, United Kigndom

Alex Wegmann

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America, The Nature Conservancy, Nuuanu Ave, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America

Alfonso Aguirre-Muñoz

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Av. Moctezuma, Zona Centro, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

André F. Raine

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kaua`i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project, Hanapepe, Kaua`i, Hawai’i, United States of America

Charles R. Knapp

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation John G. Shedd Aquarium, IUCN Iguana Specialist Group, S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Chung-Hang Hung

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

David Wingate

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Bermuda Zoological Society, Hamilton, Bermuda

Erin Hagen

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America

Federico Méndez-Sánchez

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Av. Moctezuma, Zona Centro, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

Gerard Rocamora

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Island Biodiversity & Conservation center, University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Mahé, Seychelles

Hsiao-Wei Yuan

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Jakob Fric

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Nature Conservation Consultants Ltd, Gytheiou Chalandri, Greece

James Millett

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles

James Russell

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Jill Liske-Clark

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Fish & Wildlife, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, Lower Base, Saipan Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

Eric Vidal

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Centre IRD de Nouméa, Nouméa cedex, New-Caledonia

Hervé Jourdan

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Centre IRD de Nouméa, Nouméa cedex, New-Caledonia

Karl Campbell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America

Keith Springer

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Rinaldi Avenue, The Pines Beach, North Canterbury, New Zealand

Kirsty Swinnerton

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Island Endemics Foundation, Boqueron, Puerto Rico, United States of America

Lolita Gibbons-Decherong

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Palau Conservation Society, Palau Conservation Society, Bai Ra Maibrel, Koror, Palau

Olivier Langrand

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Crystal Drive, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America

M. de L. Brooke

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kigndom

Miguel McMinn

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation BIOGEOMED Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra, Valdemossa Balearic Islands, Spain

Nancy Bunbury

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Seychelles Islands Foundation, La Ciotat Building, Mont Fleuri, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, United Kigndom

Nuno Oliveira

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Avenida Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Lisboa, Portugal

Paolo Sposimo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NEMO Srl, Piazza D'Azeglio, Florence, Italy

Pedro Geraldes

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Avenida Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Lisboa, Portugal

Pete McClelland

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kennington-Roslyn Bush Road, Invercargill, New Zealand

Peter Hodum

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, Kailua, Hawai’i, United States of America

Peter G. Ryan

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

Rafael Borroto-Páez

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sociedad Cubana de Zoología, La Habana, Cuba

Ray Pierce

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Stoney Creek Rd, Speewah, Queensland, Australia

Richard Griffiths

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Island Conservation, Delaware Ave, Santa Cruz California, United States of America

Robert N. Fisher

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America

Ross Wanless

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa, BirdLife South Africa, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa

Stesha A. Pasachnik

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fort Worth Zoo, IUCN Iguana Specialist Group, Colonial Parkway, Fort Worth, Texas United States of America

Steve Cranwell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation BirdLife Pacific, MacGregor Road, Suva, Fiji

Thierry Micol

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux, Fonderies Royales, 8 rue du Docteur Pujos, Rochefort, France, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, rue Gabriel Dejean, Saint Pierre de la Réunion, France

Stuart H. M. Butchart

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kigndom, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kigndom

Competing Interests

Jakob Fric is employed at, holds shares at and is a member of the board at the Nature Conservation Consultancy Ltd. The data provided in the present manuscript has been collected though past and ongoing LIFE-Nature projects cofunded by the European Commission through LIFE financial instrument. Jakob Fric is a member at the Hellenic Ornithological Society (BirdLife Greece), Hellenic Zoological Society and ANIMA - Hellenic Wildlife Care Association (Greece). Paolo Sposimo is employed by NEMO Srl. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the funders; mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.