About the Authors

Rachel Rowe

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

rachel.rowe@npeu.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Marian Knight

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Jennifer J. Kurinczuk

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

on behalf of the UK Midwifery Study System (UKMidSS)

Membership of the UKMidSS Steering Group is provided in the Acknowledgments

Affiliation National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.