About the Authors

Juliette E. McGregor

Contributed equally to this work with: Juliette E. McGregor, Lu Yin

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Lu Yin

Contributed equally to this work with: Juliette E. McGregor, Lu Yin

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Qiang Yang

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Tyler Godat

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Khang T. Huynh

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Jie Zhang

Roles Resources

Affiliation Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

David R. Williams

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America

William H. Merigan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

billm@cvs.rochester.edu

Affiliations Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: DRW and WHM receive funding from the National Eye Institute. DRW receives additional funding from The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation and WHM receives funding from Research to Prevent Blindness as detailed in the Financial Disclosure statement. DRW has patents with the University of Rochester for adaptive optics imaging of the retina: US patent #6,199,986 “Rapid, automatic measurement of the eye’s wave aberration”. US patent #6,264,328 “Wavefront sensor with off-axis illumination” and US patent 6,338,559 “Apparatus and method for improving vision and retinal imaging”. QY has patents with the University of Rochester, Canon Inc. and the University of Montana, for image stabilization algorithms: US patent #9,226,656: “Real-time optical and digital image stabilization for adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscopy”, US patent # 9,406,133: “System and method for real-time image registration”, US patent #: 9,485,383, “Imaging based correction of distortion from a scanner” and US patent #: 9,454,084, “Light source modulation for a scanning microscope”. Additionally QY has undertaken consultancy work for Oculus VR and Boston Micromachine Corporation. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.