About the Authors

Carolyn Jenkins

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jenkinsc@musc.edu

Affiliation College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Bruce Ovbiagele

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Oyedunni Arulogun

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Arti Singh

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Benedict Calys-Tagoe

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

Rufus Akinyemi

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, University of Ibadan, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Aliyu Mande

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Ezinne Sylvia Melikam

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Albert Akpalu

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

Kolawole Wahab

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

Fred Stephen Sarfo

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Taofeeq Sanni

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Community Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria

Godwin Osaigbovo

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Hemant K. Tiwari

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Biostatistics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Reginald Obiako

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

Vincent Shidali

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

Philip Ibinaiye

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Josephine Akpalu

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

Godwin Ogbole

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Lukman Owolabi

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Ezinne Uvere

Roles Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Raelle Taggae

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Neurology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Abiodun Moshood Adeoye

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Mulugeta Gebregziabher

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Adeseye Akintunde

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ladoke Akintola University of Technology & Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Oladimeji Adebayo

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ayodipupo Oguntade

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ayotunde Bisi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Kenneth Ohagwu

Roles Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria

Ruth Laryea

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

Peter Olowoniyi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria

Isah Suleiman Yahaya

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Samuel Olowookere

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Frederick Adeyemi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, Owo, Nigeria

Morenikeji Komolafe

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Michael Bimbola Fawale

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Taofiki Sunmonu

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, Owo, Nigeria

Ugochukwu Onyeonoro

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, Umuahia, Nigeria

Lucius Chidiebere Imoh

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Pathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Wisdom Oguike

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

Taiye Olunuga

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, University of Ibadan, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Phillip Kolo

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Medicine, University of Ilorin, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria

Okechukwu S. Ogah

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Richard Efidi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Radiology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Ijezie Chukwuonye

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria

Andrew Bock-Oruma

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria

Dorcas Owusu

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Chidi Joseph Odo

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Moyinoluwalogo Faniyan

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Osimhiarherhuo Adeleye Ohnifeman

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Federal Medical Center, University of Ibadan, Abeokuta, Nigeria

Olabanji Ajose

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Luqman Ogunjimi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Shelia Johnson

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

Amusa Ganiyu

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Cardiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Paul Olowoyo

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Neurology, Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Adekunle Gregory Fakunle

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Environmental Health Sciences, Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Afolaranmi Tolulope

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Community Medicine, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

Temitope Farombi

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Neurology Unit, Chief Tony Anenih Geriatric Center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Monica Oghome Obiabo

Roles Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Internal Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria

Mayowa Owolabi

Contributed equally to this work with: Bruce Ovbiagele, Oyedunni Arulogun, Arti Singh, Benedict Calys-Tagoe, Rufus Akinyemi, Aliyu Mande, Ezinne Sylvia Melikam, Albert Akpalu, Kolawole Wahab, Fred Stephen Sarfo, Lukman Owolabi, Raelle Taggae, Shelia Johnson, Mayowa Owolabi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University College Hospital and University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.