About the Authors

Kanny Diallo

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD), Bamako, Mali, University of Oxford (Department of Zoology), Oxford, United Kingdom

Mamadou D. Coulibaly

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD), Bamako, Mali

Lisa S. Rebbetts

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Oxford (Department of Zoology), Oxford, United Kingdom

Odile B. Harrison

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Oxford (Department of Zoology), Oxford, United Kingdom

Jay Lucidarme

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health England, (PHE–Vaccine Evaluation Unit), Manchester, United Kingdom

Kadidja Gamougam

Roles Resources

Affiliation Centre de Support en Santé Internationale (CSSI), Ndjamena, Chad

Yenenesh K. Tekletsion

Roles Resources

Affiliation Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Akalifa Bugri

† Deceased.

Roles Resources

Affiliation Navrongo Health Research Centre (NHRC), Navrongo, Ghana

Aliou Toure

Roles Resources

Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD), Bamako, Mali

Bassira Issaka

Roles Resources

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger

Marietou Dieng

Roles Resources

Affiliation Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dakar, Senegal

Caroline Trotter

Roles Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Cambridge (Disease Dynamics Unit -Department of Veterinary Medicine), Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jean-Marc Collard

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger

Samba O. Sow

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD), Bamako, Mali

Xin Wang

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, United States of America

Leonard W. Mayer

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Atlanta, United States of America

Ray Borrow

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health England, (PHE–Vaccine Evaluation Unit), Manchester, United Kingdom

Brian M. Greenwood

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom

Martin C. J. Maiden

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Oxford (Department of Zoology), Oxford, United Kingdom

Olivier Manigart

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

olivier.manigart@lshtm.ac.uk

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom

for the MenAfriCar Consortium

Membership of the MenAfriCar Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments

Competing Interests

RB reports performing contract research on behalf of Public Health England for Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Serum Institute of India, and GSK. CLT and OM report receiving a consulting payment from GSK. All other authors report no potential conflicts. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.