About the Authors

Felix A. Schmidt

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

felix.schmidt@charite.de

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany

Florian Connolly

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany

Matthew B. Maas

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Ulrike Grittner

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany

Lutz Harms

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany

Alexander Brandt

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany

Friedemann Paul

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Stephan Schreiber

Contributed equally to this work with: Stephan Schreiber, Klemens Ruprecht

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Asklepios Fachklinikum Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany

Klemens Ruprecht

Contributed equally to this work with: Stephan Schreiber, Klemens Ruprecht

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany

Competing Interests

F Schmidt has received speaker honoraria from Genzyme, outside the submitted work. K Ruprecht has received research support from Novartis and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Competence Network Multiple Sclerosis) as well as speaking fees or travel grants from Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation and Biogen, outside the submitted work. F Connolly has nothing to disclose. M Maas receives funding from National Institutes of Health grants K23NS092975 and L30NS080176, and has served as a technical consultant for Hyperfine Research, outside the submitted work. F Paul reports grants from BMBF, grants from BMBF, grants from DFG, grants from GJCF, grants from Novartis, personal fees from Bayer, Teva, Genzyme, Merck, MedImmune and Novartis, outside the submitted work. L Harms has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Teva, Bayer and Novartis. He serves on the advisory board for Roche, Novartis, Genzyme and has received travel support from Biogen, Roche, Bayer and Serono, outside the submitted work. S Schreiber has nothing to disclose. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.