About the Authors

Ina H. Heiberg

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ina.heiberg@skde.no

Affiliation Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway

Bjarne K. Jacobsen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway, Department of Community Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Ragnar Nesvåg

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Nydalen DPS, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Jørgen G. Bramness

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Øyvind Næss

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Eivind Ystrom

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Christina M. Hultman

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anne Høye

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.