About the Authors

Karina Lovell

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Penny Bee

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Helen Brooks

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Patrick Cahoon

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Patrick Callaghan

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom

Lesley-Anne Carter

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Lindsey Cree

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Linda Davies

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Richard Drake

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Claire Fraser

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Chris Gibbons

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andrew Grundy

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Oonagh Meade

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

Chris Roberts

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Anne Rogers

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Kelly Rushton

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Caroline Sanders

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Gemma Shields

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Lauren Walker

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Peter Bower

Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

peter.bower@manchester.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests. All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.