About the Authors
- Karina Lovell
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Penny Bee
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Helen Brooks
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Patrick Cahoon
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Patrick Callaghan
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
- Lesley-Anne Carter
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lindsey Cree
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Linda Davies
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Richard Drake
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Claire Fraser
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Chris Gibbons
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Andrew Grundy
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Oonagh Meade
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Chris Roberts
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Anne Rogers
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Kelly Rushton
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Caroline Sanders
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Gemma Shields
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lauren Walker
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Peter Bower
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Contributed equally to this work with: Karina Lovell, Penny Bee, Helen Brooks, Patrick Cahoon, Patrick Callaghan, Lesley-Anne Carter, Lindsey Cree, Linda Davies, Richard Drake, Claire Fraser, Chris Gibbons, Andrew Grundy, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith, Oonagh Meade, Chris Roberts, Anne Rogers, Kelly Rushton, Caroline Sanders, Gemma Shields, Lauren Walker, Peter Bower
Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: peter.bower@manchester.ac.uk
Affiliation Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Competing Interests
I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests. All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.