About the Authors

Yanyun He

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Ce Shang

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

cshang@uic.edu

Affiliation Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Frank J. Chaloupka

Roles Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.