About the Authors

Enzo Nussio

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

enzo.nussio@sipo.gess.ethz.ch

Affiliation Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Ervyn Norza Céspedes

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Departamento de Ciencia Política, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia, Observatorio del Delito, Policía Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

Competing Interests

Ervyn Norza Céspedes, second author of this manuscript, is in addition to his scholarly activity at Universidad de los Andes a member of the Colombian National Police which made in-kind contributions to this study. However, the study was autonomously designed, executed and analyzed by the authors and carried out without any influence from the National Police. The Police is interested in the results but had no prior expectation or interest with regard to the direction of the results. The rigor of the study is thus not affected by Norza's affiliation with one of the contributing organizations. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.