http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-7579
About the Authors
- Ambra Mara Giovannetti
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Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy, Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Claudia Borreani
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Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Unit of Clinical Psychology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Elisabetta Bianchi
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Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Unit of Clinical Psychology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Andrea Giordano
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Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Sabina Cilia
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Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation MS Centre, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Susanna Cipollari
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Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Foundation IRCCS S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Ilaria Rossi
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Foundation IRCCS S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Claudia Cavallaro
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation MS Centre, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Valentina Torri Clerici
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Edoardo Rossetti
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Maria Consiglia Stefanelli
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation ANTEA Charitable Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Amadio Totis
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Angelo Pappalardo
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation MS Centre, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Gina Occhipinti
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation MS Centre, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Paolo Confalonieri
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- Simone Veronese
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation FARO Charitable Foundation, Turin, Italy
- Maria Grazia Grasso
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Foundation IRCCS S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Francesco Patti
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation MS Centre, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
- Paola Zaratin
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation (FISM), Genoa, Italy
- Mario Alberto Battaglia
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Roles Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Alessandra Solari
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Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: alessandra.solari@istituto-besta.it
Affiliation Unit of Neuroepidemiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
- on behalf of the PeNSAMI project
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¶Membership of the PeNSAMI Project is provided in the Acknowledgments.
Competing Interests
FP has received speaking honoraria from, and has been a board member of: Alimirall, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and Teva. VTC has been a board member of Merck, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme. She has received travel expenses from Almirall, Biogen, Merck; speaking/writing honoraria from Almirall, Merck, and Teva; and support from Almirall for a research project. AS has been a board member of Biogen, Merck, and Novartis; she has received speaker honoraria from Almirall, Excemed, Merck, Sanofi Genzyme, and Teva. The authors confirm that this declaration does not alter the authors’ adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.