About the Authors

Maarit Piirtola

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

maarit.piirtola@helsinki.fi

Affiliations Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Aline Jelenkovic

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain

Antti Latvala

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Reijo Sund

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Chika Honda

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Fujio Inui

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Nara, Japan

Mikio Watanabe

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Rie Tomizawa

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Yoshinori Iwatani

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Juan R. Ordoñana

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

Juan F. Sánchez-Romera

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain

Lucia Colodro-Conde

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Adam D. Tarnoki

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary

David L. Tarnoki

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary

Nicholas G. Martin

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Grant W. Montgomery

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Sarah E. Medland

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

Finn Rasmussen

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Per Tynelius

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Qihua Tan

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Dongfeng Zhang

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China

Zengchang Pang

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China

Esther Rebato

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain

Maria A. Stazi

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Istituto Superiore di Sanità—Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy

Corrado Fagnani

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Istituto Superiore di Sanità—Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy

Sonia Brescianini

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Istituto Superiore di Sanità—Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy

Andreas Busjahn

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation HealthTwiSt GmbH, Berlin, Germany

Jennifer R. Harris

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Ingunn Brandt

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Thomas Sevenius Nilsen

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Tessa L. Cutler

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

John L. Hopper

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Twins Research Australia, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Robin P. Corley

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America

Brooke M. Huibregtse

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America

Joohon Sung

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Jina Kim

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Jooyeon Lee

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Sooji Lee

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Margaret Gatz

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

David A. Butler

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America

Carol E. Franz

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America

William S. Kremen

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America, VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, United States of America

Michael J. Lyons

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America

Patrik K. E. Magnusson

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Nancy L. Pedersen

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Anna K. Dahl Aslan

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network–Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden

Sevgi Y. Öncel

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

Fazil Aliev

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Psychology and African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey

Catherine A. Derom

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium

Robert F. Vlietinck

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Ruth J. F. Loos

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

Judy L. Silberg

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America

Hermine H. Maes

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Psychiatry & Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America

Dorret I. Boomsma

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Thorkild I. A. Sørensen

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section for Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Tellervo Korhonen

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Jaakko Kaprio

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Karri Silventoinen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Competing Interests

TK reports personal consultation fees from Pfizer Finland, during the conduct of the study but outside of this study. JK reports grants from the Academy of Finland and the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, during the conduct of the study, and personal fees from Pfizer Inc., outside the submitted study. AB reports working in the HealthTwiSt GmbH but the company did not have any impact on this study. FI reports grants from JSPS KAKENHI JP (23593419,16K15978), during the conduct of the study. MG reports grants from the National Institutes of Health, during the conduct of the study, and other grants from National Institutes of Health, outside the submitted work period. All other authors have nothing to declare. None of the funders played a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript and only provided financial support in the form of authors' salaries and/or research materials. None of the commercial affiliations affects our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The specific roles of authors with commercial affiliations (AB, JK, TK) are articulated in the 'author contributions' section. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit the paper for publication.