About the Authors

Maryam Beheshti Foroutani

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Christopher C. Parrish

Roles Writing – original draft

cparrish@mun.ca

Affiliation Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Jeanette Wells

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Richard G. Taylor

Roles Resources

Affiliation Cargill Innovation Center, Dirdal, Norway

Matthew L. Rise

Roles Funding acquisition

Affiliation Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Fereidoon Shahidi

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Competing Interests

Cargill provided support in the form of salary for author RT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.