About the Authors

Annie N. Samraj

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Kimberly A. Bertrand

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Robert Luben

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Zahra Khedri

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Ajinomoto Althea, San Diego, California, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Hai Yu

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Dzung Nguyen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: BioLegend Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Christopher J. Gregg

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Current address: GRO Biosciences, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Sandra L. Diaz

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Sherilyn Sawyer

Roles Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Center for Population Genomics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Xi Chen

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America

Heather Eliassen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Vered Padler-Karavani

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Kana Wu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kay-Tee Khaw

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

a1varki@ucsd.edu (AV); kk101@medschl.cam.ac.uk (KTK); wwillett@hsph.harvard.edu (WW)

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Walter Willett

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

a1varki@ucsd.edu (AV); kk101@medschl.cam.ac.uk (KTK); wwillett@hsph.harvard.edu (WW)

Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ajit Varki

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

a1varki@ucsd.edu (AV); kk101@medschl.cam.ac.uk (KTK); wwillett@hsph.harvard.edu (WW)

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: Zahra Khedri is affiliated with Ajinomoto Althea, Dzung Nguyen is affiliated with BioLegend Inc., and Christopher J. Gregg is affiliated with GRO Biosciences. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.