About the Authors

Gordon A. Begg

Contributed equally to this work with: Gordon A. Begg, Rashed Karim

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

gordon.begg@nhs.net

Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Rashed Karim

Contributed equally to this work with: Gordon A. Begg, Rashed Karim

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College, London, United Kingdom

Tobias Oesterlein

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

Lee N. Graham

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Hogarth

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom

Stephen P. Page

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom

Christopher B. Pepper

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom

Kawal Rhode

Roles Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College, London, United Kingdom

Gregory Y. H. Lip

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Arun V. Holden

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Sven Plein

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Muzahir H. Tayebjee

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Cardiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

St. Jude Medical supports Gordon Begg’s research fellowship. Gregory Lip has served as a consultant for Bayer/Jansenn, BMS/Pfizer, Biotronik, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Microlife, and Daiichi-Sankyo, and has been a speaker for Bayer/Jansenn, BMS/Pfizer, Medtronic, Boehringer Ingelheim, Microlife, Roche and Daiichi-Sankyo. Muzahir Tayebjee has received research grants from St. Jude Medical, Medtronic, and Biosense Webster, Boehringher Ingelheim. Lee Graham and Andrew Hogarth have received honoraria from St. Jude Medical. The other authors report no conflict of interest. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare.