About the Authors

Jiang Hong Li

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliations USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America, College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

Jay D. Evans

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

Wen Feng Li

Roles Data curation, Visualization

Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

Ya Zhou Zhao

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China

Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USDA-ARS Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ, United States of America

Shao Kang Huang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

Zhi Guo Li

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China

Michele Hamilton

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

Yan Ping Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

judy.chen@ars.usda.gov

Affiliation USDA-ARS Bee research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist