About the Authors

Seungdae Oh

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America

Gaik Chin Yap

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Pei-Ying Hong

Roles Methodology

Affiliations Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Chiung-Hui Huang

Roles Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Marion M. Aw

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

Lynette Pei-Chi Shek

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

Wen-Tso Liu

Roles Methodology, Resources

paeleebw@nus.edu.sg (BWL); wtliu@illinois.edu (WTL)

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America

Bee Wah Lee

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

paeleebw@nus.edu.sg (BWL); wtliu@illinois.edu (WTL)

Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Lynette Pei-Chi Shek has acted as a paid consult to Nestle Singapore and has received funding for research carried out in this work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.