About the Authors

Dan-Qing Liu

Affiliations School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, PR China, School of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, PR China, Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, PR China

Zhen-Qiang Wu

Affiliations School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, PR China, Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, PR China

Yu-Xin Wang

Affiliation Sichuan Institute for Educational Research, Chengdu, PR China

Qiang Guo

Affiliation Research Center of Complex Systems Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China

Jian-Guo Liu

liujg004@ustc.edu.cn

Affiliations Research Center of Complex Systems Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China, Data Science and Cloud Service Research Center, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, PR China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: DQL JGL. Data curation: DQL. Formal analysis: DQL ZQW YXW QG JGL. Funding acquisition: DQL QG. Investigation: DQL YXW. Methodology: DQL ZQW YXW QG JGL. Project administration: DQL JGL. Resources: DQL. Software: DQL. Supervision: ZQW JGL. Validation: DQL JGL. Visualization: DQL QG. Writing – original draft: DQL ZQW YXW QG JGL. Writing – review & editing: DQL ZQW YXW QG JGL.