About the Authors

M. Sean Peach

Affiliations Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America

Daisy M. Ramos

Affiliations Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America

Roshan James

Affiliations Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America

Nicole L. Morozowich

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Augustus D. Mazzocca

Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America

Steven B. Doty

Affiliation Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America

Harry R. Allcock

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Sangamesh G. Kumbar

laurencin@uchc.edu (CTL); kumbar@uchc.edu (SGK)

Affiliations Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America

Cato T. Laurencin

laurencin@uchc.edu (CTL); kumbar@uchc.edu (SGK)

Affiliations Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: CTL MSP. Data curation: MSP. Formal analysis: MSP RJ. Funding acquisition: CTL. Investigation: MSP DMR. Methodology: MSP SGK DMR CTL. Project administration: CTL SGK. Resources: NLM ADM SBD HRA SGK MSP CTL. Supervision: CTL SGK HRA. Writing – original draft: MSP DMR RJ SGK CTL. Writing – review & editing: MSP DMR RJ SGK CTL.