About the Authors

Kirsten Gravningen

kirsten.gravningen@unn.no

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Kirstin R. Mitchell

Affiliations MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Kaye Wellings

Affiliation Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Anne M. Johnson

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Rebecca Geary

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Kyle G. Jones

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Soazig Clifton

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Bob Erens

Affiliation Department of Health Services Research & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Michelle Lu

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Chenchit Chayachinda

Affiliations Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Nigel Field

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Pam Sonnenberg

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Catherine H. Mercer

Affiliation Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: AMJ has been a Governor of the Wellcome Trust since 2011. Since September 2015, KRM has been core funded by the UK Medical Research Council through the MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow [MC_UU_12017-11]. SC was funded to undertake independent research supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR Research Methods Programme, Fellowships and Internships, NIHR-RMFI-2014-05-28). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. All other authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: AMJ KGJ CHM. Data curation: CHM SC. Formal analysis: KG RG KGJ ML CC CHM. Funding acquisition: KW BE PS CHM AMJ. Methodology: KG KRM KW AMJ PS BE NF. Project administration: CHM SC KW AMJ PS KRM BE NF. Supervision: CHM. Visualization: KG. Writing – original draft: KG KRM KW SC BE CHM. Writing – review & editing: KG KRM KW AMJ RG KGJ SC BE ML CC NF PS CHM.