About the Authors

Stefano Balducci

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy, Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy

Valeria D’Errico

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy, Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy

Jonida Haxhi

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy, Metabolic Fitness Association, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy

Massimo Sacchetti

Affiliation Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, ‘‘Foro Italico” University, Rome, Italy

Giorgio Orlando

Affiliation Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, ‘‘Foro Italico” University, Rome, Italy

Patrizia Cardelli

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

Nicolina Di Biase

Affiliation Diabetes Unit, Fatebenefratelli San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy

Lucilla Bollanti

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

Francesco Conti

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

Silvano Zanuso

Affiliation Centre for Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom

Antonio Nicolucci

Affiliation Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORE), Pescara, Italy

Giuseppe Pugliese

giuseppe.pugliese@uniroma1.it

Affiliations Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ‘‘La Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy, Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy

Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study 2 (IDES_2) Investigators

A complete list of the IDES_2 Investigators can be found as supporting information (see S1 File).

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: SB GP. Data curation: SB AN GP. Formal analysis: AN GP. Funding acquisition: SB. Investigation: SB VDE JH MS GO PC NDB LB FC GP. Methodology: SB MS SZ AN GP. Project administration: SB GP. Resources: SB VDE JH NDB LB FC GP. Supervision: SB GP. Validation: SB VDE JH MS PC GP. Writing – original draft: GP. Writing – review & editing: SB AN GP.