About the Authors

Eric T. Hileman

hileman.et@gmail.com

‡ ETH is senior author on this work

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America

Richard B. King

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America

John M. Adamski

Affiliation Seneca Park Zoo, Rochester, New York, United States of America

Thomas G. Anton

Affiliation Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Robyn L. Bailey

Affiliation Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America

Sarah J. Baker

Affiliation Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Nickolas D. Bieser

Affiliation Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America

Thomas A. Bell Jr

Affiliation New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, United States of America

Kristin M. Bissell

Affiliation Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Grass Lake, Michigan, United States of America

Danielle R. Bradke

Affiliation Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America

Henry Campa III

Affiliation Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Gary S. Casper

Affiliation University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Field Station, Saukville, Wisconsin, United States of America

Karen Cedar

Affiliation Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

Matthew D. Cross

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America

Brett A. DeGregorio

Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Michael J. Dreslik

Affiliation Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Lisa J. Faust

Affiliation Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Daniel S. Harvey

Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Robert W. Hay

Affiliation Turtles for Tomorrow, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Benjamin C. Jellen

Affiliation Urban Chestnut Brewing Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Brent D. Johnson

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, United States of America

Glenn Johnson

Affiliation Department of Biology, State University of New York Potsdam, Potsdam, New York, United States of America

Brooke D. Kiel

Affiliation Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America

Bruce A. Kingsbury

Affiliation Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America

Matthew J. Kowalski

Affiliation Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America

Yu Man Lee

Affiliation Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Michigan State University Extension, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Andrew M. Lentini

Affiliation Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada

John C. Marshall

Affiliation Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America

David Mauger

Affiliation Forest Preserve District of Lake County, Libertyville, Illinois, United States of America

Jennifer A. Moore

Affiliation Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America

Rori A. Paloski

Affiliation Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Christopher A. Phillips

Affiliation Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America

Paul D. Pratt

Affiliation Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

Thomas Preney

Affiliation Ojibway Nature Centre, City of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

Kent A. Prior

Affiliation Parks Canada, Gatineau, Québec, Canada

Andrew Promaine

Affiliation Parks Canada, Midland, Ontario, Canada

Michael Redmer

Affiliation United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Howard K. Reinert

Affiliation Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, United States of America

Jeremy D. Rouse

Affiliation Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada

Kevin T. Shoemaker

Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America

Scott Sutton

Affiliation Parks Canada, Midland, Ontario, Canada

Terry J. VanDeWalle

Affiliation Stantec Consulting Services Inc, Independence, Iowa, United States of America

Patrick J. Weatherhead

Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Doug Wynn

Affiliation Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America

Anne Yagi

Affiliation Ministry of Natural Resources, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors received funding from three commercial sources, the Columbus Zoo, Fort Wayne Children’s Zoo, and Potawatomi Zoo. This does not alter their adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: ETH RBK. Data curation: ETH RBK. Formal analysis: ETH RBK. Funding acquisition: ETH RBK. Investigation: ETH RBK JMA TGA RLB SJB NDB TAB KMB DRB HC GSC KC MDC BAD MJD LJF DSH RWH BCJ BDJ GJ BDK BAK MJK YL AML JCM DM JAM RAP CAP PDP TP KAP AP MR HKR JDR KTS SS TJV PJW DW AY. Methodology: ETH RBK. Project administration: ETH RBK. Software: ETH. Supervision: ETH RBK. Validation: ETH. Visualization: ETH. Writing – original draft: ETH. Writing – review & editing: ETH RBK JMA TGA RLB SJB NDB TAB KMB DRB HC GSC KC MDC BAD MJD LJF DSH RWH BCJ BDJ GJ BDK BAK MJK YL AML JCM DM JAM RAP CAP PDP TP KAP AP MR HKR JDR KTS SS TJV PJW DW AY.