About the Authors

Beeta Ehdaie

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Unviersity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Chloe T. Rento

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Unviersity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Veronica Son

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Unviersity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Sydney S. Turner

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Unviersity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Amidou Samie

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Rebecca A. Dillingham

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

James A. Smith

jsmith@virginia.edu

Affiliation Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Unviersity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Competing Interests

JAS and BE have explored commercialization of this silver-ceramic technology through the NSF I-Corps program. JAS has helped to form a public benefit company (MadiDrop PBC) to commercialize a similar technology. JAS is a company board member and shareholder of MadiDrop PBC.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: BE JAS AS RAD. Data curation: BE JAS. Formal analysis: BE JAS. Funding acquisition: JAS. Investigation: BE CTR VS SST JAS. Methodology: BE JAS RAD. Project administration: BE JAS. Resources: BE AS JAS. Supervision: BE JAS AS RAD. Validation: BE CTR VS SST AS JAS. Visualization: BE JAS. Writing – original draft: BE JAS. Writing – review & editing: BE CTR VS SST AS JAS RAD.