About the Authors

Jessica L. Nielson

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Shelly R. Cooper

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

John K. Yue

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Marco D. Sorani

Affiliation Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Tomoo Inoue

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Esther L. Yuh

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Pratik Mukherjee

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

Tanya C. Petrossian

Affiliation Ayasdi, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Jesse Paquette

Affiliation Ayasdi, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Pek Y. Lum

Affiliation Ayasdi, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Gunnar E. Carlsson

Affiliation Ayasdi, Inc, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Mary J. Vassar

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Hester F. Lingsma

Affiliation Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Wayne A. Gordon

Affiliation Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

Alex B. Valadka

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America

David O. Okonkwo

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Geoffrey T. Manley

adam.ferguson@ucsf.edu (ARF); manleyg@neurosurg.ucsf.edu (GTM)

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Adam R. Ferguson

adam.ferguson@ucsf.edu (ARF); manleyg@neurosurg.ucsf.edu (GTM)

Affiliations Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

TRACK-TBI Investigators

TRACK-TBI Investigators are listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Authors TCP, JP, PYL and GEC are current or former employees of Ayasdi, Inc. This commercial affiliation does not alter adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no other competing interests declared by the rest of the co-authors ARF, JLN, GTM, SRC, JKY, MDS, TI, ELY, PM, MJV, HFL, WAG, ABV, and DOO.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: ARF JLN GTM DOO ABV WAG SRC JKY. Data curation: ARF JLN GTM SRC JKY MDS HFL TI MJV. Formal analysis: ARF JLN GTM. Funding acquisition: ARF GTM DOO ABV WAG TRACK-TBI Investigators. Investigation: ARF JLN GTM. Methodology: ARF JLN GTM TCP JP PYL GEC. Project administration: ARF GTM MJV. Resources: ARF JLN GTM DOO ABV WAG ELY PM TRACK-TBI Investigators. Software: TCP JP PYL GEC. Supervision: ARF GTM. Validation: ARF JLN TCP JP PYL GEC. Visualization: ARF JLN TCP JP PYL GEC. Writing – original draft: ARF JLN GTM SRC JKY MJV. Writing – review & editing: ARF JLN GTM DOO ABV WAG ELY PM TRACK-TBI Investigators.