About the Authors

Sumito Yoshida

Contributed equally to this work with: Sumito Yoshida, Hiroaki Shime

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan, Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Hiroaki Shime

Contributed equally to this work with: Sumito Yoshida, Hiroaki Shime

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Kenji Funami

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Hiromi Takaki

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Misako Matsumoto

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan, Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Masanori Kasahara

Affiliation Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Tsukasa Seya

seya-tu@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan, Department of Pathology I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo City, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors received funding from Three B Co., Inc., a commercial company, in the form of research materials for this study. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: HS TS. Data curation: SY HS KF HT MM MK TS. Formal analysis: SY HS KF. Funding acquisition: HS KF MM TS. Investigation: SY. Methodology: SY HS KF HT. Project administration: MM MK TS. Supervision: MM MK. Validation: TS. Visualization: SY. Writing – original draft: SY HS TS. Writing – review & editing: TS.