About the Authors

Thomas Seidemann

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Claudia Spies

claudia.spies@charite.de

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Rudolf Morgenstern

Affiliation Institute of Pharmacology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Klaus-Dieter Wernecke

Affiliation SOSTANA, Berlin, Germany

Nicolai Netzhammer

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Competing Interests

All authors have no conflict of interest. Statistical analysis has been supervised by Professor Klaus-Dieter Wernecke, PhD, former head of the Institute of Medical Biometry at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and owner of Sostana GmbH. We confirm that it does not alter our adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: NN CS TS RM. Data curation: KDW. Formal analysis: KDW TS CS. Investigation: TS NN. Methodology: NN CS TS KDW. Project administration: CS NN. Resources: CS KDW. Software: NN KDW. Supervision: CS. Validation: KDW RM CS. Visualization: TS NN KDW. Writing – original draft: TS. Writing – review & editing: CS KDW.