About the Authors

Fan Cao

fcao@msu.edu (FC); perfetti@pitt.edu (CAP)

Affiliation Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

Charles A. Perfetti

fcao@msu.edu (FC); perfetti@pitt.edu (CAP)

Affiliation Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: FC CAP. Data curation: FC CAP. Formal analysis: FC CAP. Funding acquisition: FC CAP. Investigation: FC CAP. Methodology: FC CAP. Project administration: FC CAP. Resources: FC CAP. Software: FC CAP. Supervision: FC CAP. Validation: FC CAP. Visualization: FC CAP. Writing – original draft: FC CAP. Writing – review & editing: FC CAP.