About the Authors

Takeaki Wajima

Contributed equally to this work with: Takeaki Wajima, Yui Anzai

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

Yui Anzai

Contributed equally to this work with: Takeaki Wajima, Yui Anzai

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

Tetsuya Yamada

Affiliation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

Hideaki Ikoshi

Affiliation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

Norihisa Noguchi

noguchin@toyaku.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors obtained Oldenlandia diffusa extract from Iskra Industry Co. Ltd. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: TW TY HI NN. Data curation: TW YA NN. Formal analysis: TW YA TY. Funding acquisition: NN. Investigation: TW YA TY NN. Methodology: TW YA NN. Project administration: TW NN. Resources: TW TY HI NN. Supervision: NN. Validation: TW YA TY HI NN. Visualization: TW YA NN. Writing – original draft: TW YA. Writing – review & editing: TW YA TY HI NN.