About the Authors

Suzanne Miller

Suzanne.Miller@nottingham.ac.uk

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Amanda P. Henry

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Emily Hodge

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Alexander K. Kheirallah

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Charlotte K. Billington

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Tracy L. Rimington

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Sangita K. Bhaker

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ma’en Obeidat

Current address: James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Erik Melén

Current address: Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Simon K. Merid

Affiliation Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Caroline Swan

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Catherine Gowland

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Carl P. Nelson

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ceri E. Stewart

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Charlotte E. Bolton

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Iain Kilty

Affiliation Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anders Malarstig

Affiliation Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stuart G. Parker

Affiliation Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Miriam F. Moffatt

Affiliation National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Wardlaw

Affiliation Institute for Lung Health, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Ian P. Hall

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ian Sayers

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

AM and IK are employees of Pfizer Ltd. PPP Healthcare Medical Trust funded sample collection for SGP for this publication. AJW is an advisory board member reporting personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pulmocide outside of the submitted work. IK and AM's commercial affiliation with Pfizer does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: IPH IS Data curation: SM APH EH AKK CKB SKB MO EM SKM CS CG CPN CES Formal analysis: SM APH EH AKK CKB SKB MO EM SKM CS CG CPN CES Funding acquisition: IK AM IPH IS Investigation: SM APH EH AKK CKB TLR SKB MO EM SKM CS CG CPN CES Methodology: SM APH EH AKK CKB SKB EM CS CES IPH IS Project administration: SM IPH IS Resources: EM CEB SGP MFM AJW IPH IS Supervision: SM IPH IS Validation: SM APH EH CKB TLR CS CG CPN CES Visualization: SM EH AKK SKB MO EM SKM CS CES Writing – original draft: SM IPH IS Writing – review & editing: SM APH EH AKK CKB TLR SKB MO EM SKM CS CG CPN CES CEB IK AM SGP MFM AJW IPH IS.