About the Authors

Mark A. Lum

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Alastair J. Martin

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Matthew D. Alexander

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

David B. McCoy

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Daniel L. Cooke

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Prasheel Lillaney

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Parham Moftakhar

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Matthew R. Amans

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Fabio Settecase

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Andrew Nicholson

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Christopher F. Dowd

Affiliations Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Van V. Halbach

Affiliations Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Randall T. Higashida

Affiliations Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Michael W. McDermott

Affiliation Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

David Saloner

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Steven W. Hetts

steven.hetts@ucsf.edu

Affiliation Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJM DLC MRA CFD VVH RTH MWM SWH PL PM FS AN DS. Performed the experiments: AJM DLC MRA CFD VVH RTH MWM SWH PL PM FS AN DS. Analyzed the data: MAL AJM MDA DBM SWH. Wrote the paper: MAL MDA DBM.