About the Authors

Halima Boubacar Maïnassara

amhalima@gmail.com

Affiliations Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger, Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France

Juliette Paireau

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States of America

Issa Idi

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger

Jean-François Jusot

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger

Jean-Paul Moulia Pelat

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger

Odile Ouwe Missi Oukem-Boyer

Affiliation Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey, Niger

Arnaud Fontanet

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Chaire Santé et Développement, Paris, France

Judith E. Mueller

Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France, EHESP French School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: HBM JEM. Formal analysis: HBM JP JEM. Funding acquisition: HBM JFJ JP JPMP OO AF JEM. Investigation: HBM II JPMP OO. Methodology: HBM JEM. Project administration: HBM JPMP OO AF JEM. Resources: HBM JP II JFJ JPMP OO AF JEM. Software: HBM JP II. Supervision: JPMP OO AF JEM. Writing – original draft: HBM JEM. Writing – review & editing: HBM JP II JFJ JPMP OO AF JEM.