About the Authors

Nelli Perkiömäki

Affiliation Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Juha Auvinen

Affiliations Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Mikko P. Tulppo

Affiliation Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Arto J. Hautala

Affiliation Physiological Signal Analysis Team, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Juha Perkiömäki

Affiliation Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Ville Karhunen

Affiliation Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi

Affiliations Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Katri Puukka

Affiliation NordLab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland

Aimo Ruokonen

Affiliation NordLab Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin

Affiliations Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Heikki V. Huikuri

Affiliation Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Antti M. Kiviniemi

antti.m.kiviniemi@oulu.fi

Affiliation Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NP JA MPT AJH JP SKK KP AR MRJ HVH AMK. Analyzed the data: NP AMK SKK JA MRJ KP AR VK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MRJ HVH SKK KP AR. Wrote the paper: NP JA MPT AJH JP SKK KP AR MRJ HVH AMK VK.