About the Authors

Beth Rachlis

Contributed equally to this work with: Beth Rachlis, Giorgos Bakoyannis

Affiliations The Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada, Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Giorgos Bakoyannis

Contributed equally to this work with: Beth Rachlis, Giorgos Bakoyannis

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Richard Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Philippa Easterbrook

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Becky Genberg

Affiliation Department of Health Services, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Ronald Scott Braithwaite

Affiliation Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Craig R. Cohen

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Elizabeth A. Bukusi

Affiliation Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

Andrew Kambugu

Affiliation Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Mwebesa Bosco Bwana

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science & Technology, Mbarara, Uganda

Geoffrey R. Somi

Affiliation National AIDS Control Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Elvin H. Geng

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Beverly Musick

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Constantin T. Yiannoutsos

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Richard Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Kara Wools-Kaloustian

Affiliation Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Paula Braitstein

paula.braitstein@utoronto.ca

Affiliations Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PB KWK PE CC RSB EB AK MB EG CY. Analyzed the data: GB BM CY. Wrote the paper: BR GB PB KWK RSB CC BG GS.