About the Authors

Sirous Darabian

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation Los Angeles Biomedical Research institute, Torrance, California, United States of America

Jye-Yu C. Backlund

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, the George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Patricia A. Cleary

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, the George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Nasim Sheidaee

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation Los Angeles Biomedical Research institute, Torrance, California, United States of America

Ionut Bebu

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, the George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

John M. Lachin

Contributed equally to this work with: Sirous Darabian, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Patricia A. Cleary, Nasim Sheidaee, Ionut Bebu, John M. Lachin

Affiliation The Biostatistics Center, the George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America

Matthew J. Budoff

mbudoff@labiomed.org

Current address: Division of Cardiology Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Affiliation Los Angeles Biomedical Research institute, Torrance, California, United States of America

DCCT/EDIC Research Group

A complete list of participants in the DCCT/EDIC Research Group is presented in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JL MB PC. Performed the experiments: SD MB NS. Analyzed the data: JYB IB JL PC. Wrote the paper: SD JYB JL MB.